{"id":1890,"date":"2021-09-07T10:37:46","date_gmt":"2021-09-07T08:37:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/investitie.md\/?p=1890"},"modified":"2021-09-14T12:57:14","modified_gmt":"2021-09-14T10:57:14","slug":"formele-organiza-ionale-ale-ntreprinderilor-din-moldova-i-caracteristicile-acestora","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/investitie.md\/ro\/formele-organiza-ionale-ale-ntreprinderilor-din-moldova-i-caracteristicile-acestora\/","title":{"rendered":"Formele organiza\u021bionale ale \u00eentreprinderilor din Moldova \u0219i caracteristicile acestora"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A face afaceri \u00een Republica Moldova e destul de avantajos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u021aara dispune de multe oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru a dezvolta o afacere, cum ar fi: o pozi\u021bie geografic\u0103 convenabil\u0103 cu acces la mare, un climat natural temperat \u0219i sol fertil, o infrastructur\u0103 bine dezvoltat\u0103 \u0219i rela\u021bii comerciale stabilite cu alte \u021b\u0103ri.<\/li>\n<li>Exist\u0103 \u0219i multe domenii promi\u021b\u0103toare pentru afaceri \u00een Moldova. Industriile solicitate \u00een 2021 sunt: \u200b\u200bcultivarea fructelor \u0219i legumelor, cre\u0219terea bovinelor, produc\u021bia de sticl\u0103 \u0219i ciment, textile, producerea de energie electric\u0103 folosind surse regenerabile. De asemenea, sunt foarte solicitate domeniile turismului \u0219i comer\u021bului cu UE.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Pot \u00eenregistra o \u00eentreprindere nu doar cet\u0103\u021benii Republicii Moldova, ci \u0219i cet\u0103\u021benii str\u0103ini. Pentru aceasta exist\u0103 o metod\u0103 de \u00eenregistrare la distan\u021b\u0103 prin intermediul unui administrator.<\/li>\n<li>Condi\u021biile de impozitare \u00een republic\u0103 sunt destul de acceptabile. Impozitul pe veniturile societ\u0103\u021bilor este de 12%, exist\u0103 programe de scutire de impozite pentru reziden\u021bii din zonele economice libere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen recomand\u0103rile din acest articol, v\u0103 vom explica cum s\u0103 \u00eenregistra\u021bi o companie, ce forme organiza\u021bionale ale \u00eentreprinderilor exist\u0103 \u00een Moldova \u0219i care dintre ele este mai popular\u0103 \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Formele organizatorice ale \u00eentreprinderilor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen RM exist\u0103 trei tipuri de companii, care sunt considerate forme organizatorice \u0219i juridice populare ale \u00eentreprinderilor din Moldova:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>societate cu r\u0103spundere limitat\u0103 (SRL);<\/li>\n<li>\u00eentreprindere individual\u0103 (\u00ceI);<\/li>\n<li>societate pe ac\u021biuni (SA).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Conform statisticii la 2019 \u00een Moldova sunt \u00eenregistrate aproximativ 87.000 de companii cu r\u0103spundere limitat\u0103 \u0219i 28.500 de \u00eentreprinderi individuale.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen Legea privind antreprenoriatul \u0219i \u00eentreprinderile <strong>nr. 845-XII din 03.01.1992<\/strong>, sunt indicate \u0219i alte forme posibile: societ\u0103\u021bi \u00een comandit\u0103 limitat\u0103 sau integral\u0103, \u00eentreprinderi de \u00eenchiriere, cooperative antreprenoriale \u0219i de produc\u021bie.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, pute\u021bi crea institu\u021bii de stat \u0219i municipale.<\/p>\n<p>Companiile men\u021bionate au reguli mai specifice, de aceea \u00een Moldova sunt \u00eenregistrate nu mai mult de 1.500 din fiecare tip men\u021bionat.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a alege forma organiza\u021bional\u0103 adecvat\u0103 pentru companie, este necesar s\u0103 se analizeze urm\u0103torii parametri: activitatea \u00eentreprinderii, sarcinile afacerii \u0219i impozitarea companiilor din fiecare OPF. Conteaz\u0103, de asemenea, \u0219i num\u0103rul fondatorilor.<\/p>\n<p>Principalii parametri ai formelor organiza\u021bionale mai populare:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00centreprindere individual\u0103 (\u00ceI). Aceasta este o companie privat\u0103, a c\u0103rei proprietate a fost format\u0103 din proprietatea unui individ, \u00eei apar\u021bine \u0219i este inseparabil\u0103 de el. Dac\u0103 o \u00eentreprindere individual\u0103 e din domeniul agriculturii, aceasta este creat\u0103 sub forma unei ferme sau a unei gospod\u0103rii \u021b\u0103r\u0103ne\u0219ti. \u00cen rela\u021biile legale IP are rolul unei persoane fizice cu toate \u00eemputernicirile sale.<\/li>\n<li>Societate pe ac\u021biuni (SA) \u0219i societate cu r\u0103spundere limitat\u0103 (SRL). Aceste categorii de \u00eentreprinderi sunt clasificate ca persoane juridice. O \u00eentreprindere cu aceast\u0103 form\u0103 organiza\u021bional-juridic\u0103 poate fi creat\u0103 de un fondator sau de persoane fizice \u0219i juridice, care \u00ee\u0219i combin\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bile pentru o afacere comun\u0103. Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 de \u00eenregistrare a companiei \u00een Moldova este una dintre cele mai atractive pentru investitori. Num\u0103rul de participan\u021bi a SRL de tip \u00eenchis \u0219i SA nu poate dep\u0103\u0219i 50 de persoane, cu excep\u021bia ramurii agricole.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Reu\u0219ind din parametrii da\u021bi, se formeaz\u0103 un principiu simplu pentru alegerea formei organiza\u021bional-juridice pentru \u00eenregistrarea unei companii.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cum s\u0103 alege\u021bi forma organiza\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i juridic\u0103 a companiei:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>dac\u0103 proprietarul afacerii este de unul singur \u0219i alege singur strategia de dezvoltare, cea mai bun\u0103 op\u021biune ar fi crearea unui \u00ceI;<\/li>\n<li>dac\u0103 \u00eenfiin\u021barea companiei este o inten\u021bie colectiv\u0103 sau fondatorul este din alt\u0103 \u021bar\u0103, este mai potrivit\u0103 op\u021biunea cre\u0103rii unui SRL sau SA pe baza unui memorandum de asociere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aceste criterii afecteaz\u0103 atrac\u021bia \u0219i distribu\u021bia finan\u021belor companiei.<\/p>\n<p>Proprietarul IP gestioneaz\u0103 \u00een mod independent finan\u021bele &#8211; le poate cheltui la discre\u021bia sa, iar toate profiturile, cu excep\u021bia impozitelor, \u00eei apar\u021bin.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cazul societ\u0103\u021bii pe ac\u021biuni \u0219i societ\u0103\u021bii cu r\u0103spundere limitat\u0103 exist\u0103 obliga\u021bia: de a forma un capital de rezerv\u0103 \u00een valoare de cel pu\u021bin 10% din valoarea capitalului autorizat.<\/p>\n<p>O \u00eentreprindere precum SRL sau SA trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 cel pu\u021bin un director, un ac\u021bionar \u0219i un contabil.<\/p>\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd alege\u021bi un OPF este important s\u0103 lua\u021bi \u00een considerare factorul de profil &#8211; specificul \u0219i direc\u021bia viitoarei \u00eentreprinderi (produc\u021bie, servicii sau comer\u021b).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Caracteristici suplimentare ale OPF<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Este necesar s\u0103 se ia \u00een considerare cerin\u021bele guvernamentale pentru gestionarea unei afaceri. Acestea includ:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>drepturile \u0219i gradul de proprietate al proprietarilor;<\/li>\n<li>statutul juridic al companiei;<\/li>\n<li>condi\u021biile pentru crearea, gestionarea \u0219i lichidarea acesteia;<\/li>\n<li>responsabilit\u0103\u021bile \u00een caz de faliment;<\/li>\n<li>distribuirea func\u021biilor \u00een luarea deciziilor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La \u00eenregistrarea unei societ\u0103\u021bi cu r\u0103spundere limitat\u0103 \u0219i a unei societ\u0103\u021bi pe ac\u021biuni se achit\u0103 \u00a0o tax\u0103 de stat de 5000 de lei moldovene\u0219ti \u0219i trebuie format capitalul autorizat. Fondatorii stabilesc independent m\u0103rimea capitalului autorizat. La o astfel de societate, capitalul este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een ac\u021biuni, care sunt confirmate de documentele relevante &#8211; ac\u021biuni.<\/p>\n<p>Responsabilitatea fondatorilor este determinat\u0103 de cota lor de participare la capitalul autorizat (num\u0103rul de ac\u021biuni).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Despre \u00eentreprinderile SRL \u0219i SA ar trebui s\u0103 cunoa\u0219te\u021bi urm\u0103toarele nuan\u021be:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pot desf\u0103\u0219ura orice activitate neinterzis\u0103 de lege;<\/li>\n<li>au un termen de valabilitate nelimitat sau pot avea un termen de func\u021bionare stabilit de c\u0103tre fondatori;<\/li>\n<li>\u00ee\u0219i pot crea propriile reprezent\u0103ri, diviziuni \u0219i filiale \u00een Moldova;<\/li>\n<li>sunt obligate s\u0103 p\u0103streze documentele constitutive, procesele-verbale ale adun\u0103rilor generale \u0219i alte documente;<\/li>\n<li>sunt obligate s\u0103 prezinte \u00een mod regulat rapoarte financiare \u0219i fiscale \u0219i s\u0103 efectueze audituri;<\/li>\n<li>organele de conducere includ: adunarea ac\u021bionarilor, consiliul, organul executiv \u0219i comisia de audit;<\/li>\n<li>programul de produc\u021bie \u00een companii este dezvoltat independent pe baza contractelor de v\u00e2nzare a produselor;<\/li>\n<li>pe parcursul activit\u0103\u021bii sale, \u00eentreprinderea este obligat\u0103 s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 impozite: SRL \u0219i SA pl\u0103tesc impozitul pe venit de 12% \u0219i taxa pe valoarea ad\u0103ugat\u0103 (TVA) &#8211; 20%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Activitatea antreprenorial\u0103 poate fi desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 imediat dup\u0103 \u00eenregistrarea companiei \u00een Camera de \u00eenregistrare de stat a Republicii Moldova.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a ob\u021bine r\u0103spunsuri la \u00eentreb\u0103rile Dvs. \u0219i pentru a ob\u021bine asisten\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103 la ini\u021bierea unei afaceri, contacta\u021bi Fondul Na\u021bional de Investi\u021bii: cooper\u0103m cu persoane fizice \u0219i juridice din Moldova, precum \u0219i oferim servicii investitorilor str\u0103ini.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 deschide\u021bi o companie \u00een Moldova, v\u0103 vom ajuta s\u0103 alege\u021bi forma organiza\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i juridic\u0103, care se potrive\u0219te dolean\u021belor Dvs., iar avoca\u021bii no\u0219tri vor efectua imediat \u0219i prompt toate etapele necesare pentru \u00eenregistrarea unei afaceri.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A face afaceri \u00een Republica Moldova e destul de avantajos: \u021aara dispune de multe oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru a dezvolta o afacere, cum ar fi: o pozi\u021bie geografic\u0103 convenabil\u0103 cu acces la mare, un climat natural temperat \u0219i sol fertil, o infrastructur\u0103 bine dezvoltat\u0103 \u0219i rela\u021bii comerciale stabilite cu alte \u021b\u0103ri. Exist\u0103 \u0219i multe domenii promi\u021b\u0103toare pentru [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1635,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/investitie.md\/ro\/formele-organiza-ionale-ale-ntreprinderilor-din-moldova-i-caracteristicile-acestora\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Formele organiza\u021bionale ale \u00eentreprinderilor din Moldova \u0219i caracteristicile acestora - Fondul Na\u021bional\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A face afaceri \u00een Republica Moldova e destul de avantajos: \u021aara dispune de multe oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru a dezvolta o afacere, cum ar fi: o pozi\u021bie geografic\u0103 convenabil\u0103 cu acces la mare, un climat natural temperat \u0219i sol fertil, o infrastructur\u0103 bine dezvoltat\u0103 \u0219i rela\u021bii comerciale stabilite cu alte \u021b\u0103ri. 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